Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind

Knowledge Graph: Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind (Yuval Noah Harari, 2014)

Editorial spotlight: ↑ the fiction threshold — 70,000 years ago

Concepts

• Harari's Cognitive Revolution (70,000 BCE) (importance 5): The emergence of fictive language — the ability to speak about things that don't exist. This single mutation allowed Sapiens to coordinate in flexible groups of thousands.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 2).
• Harari's Agricultural Revolution (12,000 BCE) (importance 5): The shift from foraging to farming. Harari calls it 'history's biggest fraud' — more food, worse lives, and the trap of sunk costs that locked us in.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 5).
• Harari's Scientific Revolution (1500 CE) (importance 5): The admission of ignorance as power. Combining the scientific method with imperial expansion and capitalist growth created modernity.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 14).
• Harari's imagined orders (importance 5): Inter-subjective realities — things that exist only in the collective imagination but shape material reality. Money, nations, corporations, human rights are all imagined orders.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 6).
• fictive language capacity (importance 4): The ability to create and transmit information about things that don't exist — gods, nations, corporations. Unique to Sapiens, enabled by mutation ~70,000 BCE.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 2).
• Harari's luxury trap (importance 4): Small improvements that demand more work to sustain. Agriculture began with easier wheat access, but locked populations into backbreaking labor. Each generation couldn't go back.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 5).
• Harari's universal money thesis (importance 4): Money is the most successful story ever told. It converts anything into anything else. Works because everyone believes in it — a pure imagined order.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 10).
• Harari's humanist religions (importance 4): Modern belief systems worshipping humanity: liberal humanism (individual rights), socialist humanism (collective equality), evolutionary humanism (racial hierarchy). All imagined orders.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 12).
• scientific admission of ignorance (importance 4): Modern science's founding move: 'We don't know.' Contrasts with premodern certainty. Ignorance + observation = power. Drives Scientific Revolution.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 14).
• Harari's credit revolution (importance 4): Modern capitalism runs on trust in the future. Credit = belief that future production will exceed present. This belief funded science and empire.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 16).
• Industrial Revolution (1760-1850) (importance 4): The conversion of energy into mass production. Steam engines, factories, coal. Science + capital produced the first sustained economic growth in history.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 17).
• Harari's consumerism as religion (importance 4): The new religion: happiness through consumption. Buy experiences, products, identities. Consumerism replaced traditional religions as source of meaning.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 19).
• Harari's Gilgamesh Project (importance 4): The scientific quest to defeat death. From accepting mortality to treating death as a technical problem to be solved. The next frontier after conquering famine, plague, war.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 20).
• Harari's Homo Deus (importance 4): The god-species Sapiens may become through technology. Immortal, infinitely happy, god-like powers. But would they still be human? And what happens to unenhanced humans?. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 20).
• Harari's inter-subjective reality (importance 4): Exists in communication between subjects, not in objective world or individual minds. Money, nations, gods, corporations — real because millions believe simultaneously.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 6).
• Harari's historical unification process (importance 4): Human history moves toward larger, more integrated groups. From bands (100) to tribes (1,000) to kingdoms (100,000) to empires (100,000,000) to global civilization.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 9).
• Harari's empire definition (importance 3): Political order ruling diverse peoples with flexible borders and unlimited appetite for conquest. Empires are evil and progressive — they homogenize and mix cultures.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 11).
• Harari's imperial cycle (importance 3): Empires conquer, assimilate, then get conquered by former subjects who've adopted the imperial culture. The conquered become the next conquerors.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 11).
• Harari's missionary religions (importance 3): Buddhism, Christianity, Islam — religions claiming universal truth valid for all humans. Emerged with empires; both tools of globalization.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 12).
• Harari's energy conversion thesis (importance 3): Economic history is energy history. Foragers: muscle. Agriculture: animal + water + wind. Industrial: fossil fuels. Each jump multiplied power 10-100×.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 17).
• Harari's time-space collapse (importance 3): Railroads, telegraphs, steamships compressed global distances 10-100×. By 1900, London-Bombay journey fell from 6 months to 3 weeks. Enabled synchronized global economy.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 17).
• Anderson's imagined communities (nations) (importance 3): Nations are imagined orders — no one knows all members, yet we die for them. Newspapers and nationalism created millions-strong 'intimate' groups. Harari adopts Anderson's term.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 18).
• biochemical happiness ceiling (importance 3): Happiness is serotonin, dopamine, oxytocin levels. These have genetic set points. Medieval peasant and modern CEO may have similar average happiness.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 19).
• Harari's expectation ratchet (importance 3): Objective conditions improve, but subjective expectations rise faster. Air conditioning is luxury in 1950, necessity in 2000. Comparison kills happiness gains.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 19).
• cyborg engineering path (importance 3): Replacing biological parts with inorganic components. Bionic limbs, cochlear implants, retinal implants. Blurs human-machine boundary.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 20).
• genetic engineering path (importance 3): Rewriting DNA to eliminate disease, enhance traits, design offspring. CRISPR enables precision editing. Could create new post-human species.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 20).
• inorganic life path (importance 3): Creating fully artificial consciousness. Strong AI that feels, desires, surpasses biological intelligence. Would be first non-organic life form in 4 billion years.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 20).
• universal patriarchy puzzle (importance 3): Every known agricultural society was patriarchal. Why? Not explained by biology (women aren't weaker cognitively) or brute force (laws, not muscle, maintained it).. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 8).
• Harari's racial hierarchy as imagined order (importance 3): Race has no biological basis — humans are 99.9% identical genetically. But racial hierarchies shaped empires, slavery, genocide. Imagined, but deadly real.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 11).
• Harari's human self-domestication (importance 3): Agriculture domesticated humans as much as wheat and cattle. We adapted to sedentism, hierarchy, delayed gratification, violence suppression.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 5).

Claims

• Harari's feedback loop: science-empire-capital (importance 5): Science produces power, empires fund science for conquest, capitalism finances both for profit. This triple helix created modernity in 500 years.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 15).
• biology → history transition (Cognitive Revolution) (importance 5): Before 70,000 BCE, we were animals governed by biology. After: culture evolves faster than genes. History replaces biology as primary force.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 2).
• wheat domesticated Sapiens (Harari inversion) (importance 4): From the wheat's perspective, it manipulated Sapiens into spreading it across the planet. We didn't domesticate wheat; wheat domesticated us.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 5).
• capitalism's perpetual growth dogma (importance 4): Premodern: fixed pie. Modern: pie always grows. This belief justified credit, which funded growth, which justified more credit. Self-fulfilling prophecy.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 16).
• Harari's family → state+market transfer (importance 4): Modernity dismantled extended families and communities, replacing them with state and market. We now rely on police (not clan) and insurance (not neighbors).. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 18).
• Harari's Frankenstein prophecy (importance 4): We're acquiring god-like powers of creation but remain as irresponsible as ever. We can manipulate genes, but don't know what makes us happy. Dangerous disconnect.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 20).
• religion = imagined order legitimizer (importance 4): Religions are imagined orders that claim superhuman origin. This makes them effective at maintaining social hierarchies — you can't argue with God.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 12).
• capitalism as imagined order (importance 4): Capitalism isn't natural law but imagined order. Its central myth: economic growth is supreme good. This belief drives behavior as powerfully as medieval Christianity.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 16).
• Harari's meaning crisis (importance 4): We're more powerful than ever but don't know what to do with power. No clear goals. Consumerism fills void but doesn't satisfy. The Frankenstein question: what do we want to become?. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 20).
• Harari's gossip theory of language (importance 3): Language evolved primarily not for information about lions, but for information about other humans. Who is trustworthy, who is cheating, who is sleeping with whom.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 2).
• Harari's forager affluence thesis (importance 3): Hunter-gatherers worked fewer hours, had more varied diets, and suffered fewer diseases than early farmers. Agriculture was a trap, not progress.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 5).
• romantic-consumerist ethic (importance 3): Medieval: produce more, consume less. Modern: produce more, consume more. Romanticism (feel everything) + consumerism (buy everything) = modern identity.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 19).
• Harari's happiness paradox (importance 3): Wealth, health, and freedom have skyrocketed since 1750. But are we happier? Biochemistry suggests happiness is fixed. Expectations rise with improvements — hedonic treadmill.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 19).
• Harari's 'history isn't justice' thesis (importance 3): Historical winners aren't morally superior. Success comes from cooperation at scale, enabled by imagined orders — often violent, unjust orders.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 9).
• Harari's purity myth (importance 3): No culture is pure. All are fusion products of earlier mixing. 'Authentic' culture is a snapshot of an earlier fusion. Change is the only constant.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 9).
• evolutionary success ≠ individual happiness (importance 3): Wheat and cattle succeeded evolutionarily (billions of individuals). But individual wheat plants and cows live worse than wild ancestors. Same for humans.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 5).
• Buddhism as godless universal religion (importance 2): Buddhism is technically atheist (no creator god) but functioned as a universal missionary religion. Focused on suffering, not deities.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 12).
• biological poverty line (~4,000 calories/day) (importance 2): Humans need ~1,500 calories personally, but ~4,000 including clothing, shelter, tools. Foragers easily met this. Early farmers often fell below it.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 5).

Empirical results

• Dunbar's 150-person cognitive limit (importance 3): Primates can maintain stable social groups up to a size determined by neocortex ratio. For humans: ~150. Beyond this requires imagined orders.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 2).
• Neanderthal extinction (30,000 BCE) (importance 3): Neanderthals disappeared ~30,000 years after Sapiens arrived in Europe. Harari argues Sapiens' flexible cooperation enabled genocide or out-competition.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 1).
• Quaternary megafauna extinction wave (importance 3): Wherever Sapiens arrived, 90% of large animals vanished within millennia. Australia (45,000 BCE), Americas (12,000 BCE). First ecological catastrophe we caused.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 4).
• agricultural population explosion (10,000 BCE-0 CE) (importance 3): Farming produced more food per acre, enabling 10-100× population growth. But per capita, lives got worse. More people, worse lives — the fraud.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 5).
• coal energy density breakthrough (importance 3): Coal contains 10-20× the energy of wood per pound. Unlocked steam engines, railroads, factories. First fossil fuel that could power industrial civilization.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 17).
• famine → overabundance shift (1850-2000) (importance 2): For 70,000 years, hunger was humanity's default. By 2000, more people die from obesity than famine. First time in history.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 20).
• infectious disease collapse (1850-2000) (importance 2): Epidemics killed 25-50% of populations regularly until 1850. Antibiotics, vaccines, sanitation reduced infectious disease from #1 killer to ~5% of deaths.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 20).
• violence decline (1945-2010) (importance 2): 20th century was most peaceful in history per capita. Nuclear deterrence, economic interdependence, international law reduced war deaths to historic lows.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 20).
• first true cities (3500 BCE, Sumer) (importance 2): Uruk, Ur, Lagash — 10,000+ people, walls, temples, palaces. Required writing (taxes), hierarchies (kings), and professional armies. Agriculture enabled, imagined orders organized.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 8).

Entities

• Tree of Knowledge mutation (~70,000 BCE) (importance 4): Harari's term for the genetic mutation that rewired Sapiens brains, enabling fictive language. The trigger for the Cognitive Revolution.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 2).
• Sumerian cuneiform (~3500 BCE) (importance 3): The first writing system. Invented not for poetry but for tax collection and grain counting. Enabled bureaucratic empires.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 8).
• missionary monotheism (importance 3): One god, one truth, for all humans. Judaism local, Christianity and Islam universal. Intolerant but unifying — enabled empires of belief.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 12).
• Columbus 1492 voyage (importance 3): Didn't 'discover' America; initiated European imperialism in Americas. Financed by Spanish crown seeking new routes and gold. Science + empire prototype.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 15).
• Dutch East India Company (VOC, 1602) (importance 3): First modern corporation with publicly traded shares. Funded by credit, backed by Dutch state, conquered Indonesia. Blueprint for corporate imperialism.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 16).
• liberal humanism (individual rights) (importance 3): The dominant modern religion. Each human has sacred inner voice; freedom and rights are supreme. Democracy, human rights, free markets flow from this.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 12).
• Gutenberg printing press (1450) (importance 3): Enabled mass production of books. Spread Protestant Reformation, scientific knowledge, nationalist mythologies. Information technology that transformed culture.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 14).
• Newton's Principia (1687) (importance 3): Mathematical laws governing motion and gravity. Proved nature follows discoverable laws. Became template for scientific method — observation, math, prediction.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 14).
• Darwin's Origin (1859) (importance 3): Evolution by natural selection. Removed divine design from biology. Showed humans are animals, shaped by same forces as beetles and barnacles.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 14).
• Sumerian barley money (~3000 BCE) (importance 2): Early universal medium of exchange. Barley as unit of account — workers paid in barley, taxes collected in barley.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 10).
• Lydian electrum coins (~640 BCE) (importance 2): First standardized coinage. Stamped metal disks with guaranteed weight and purity. Enabled anonymous trust and market expansion.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 10).
• Cyrus Cylinder (539 BCE) (importance 2): Persian declaration of universal tolerance. First empire explicitly promoting multi-ethnic cooperation. Template for future universal empires.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 11).
• forager animism (importance 2): Pre-agricultural spirituality. Everything has consciousness — rocks, trees, animals. No hierarchy; humans are just another species. Dominant for 60,000+ years.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 12).
• agricultural polytheism (importance 2): Multiple gods with specialized domains. Emerged with farming — gods control rain, harvest, fertility. Hierarchical but tolerant.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 12).
• Cook's Pacific voyages (1768-1779) (importance 2): Scientific expeditions funded by Royal Navy. Astronomers, botanists, cartographers mapping for British Empire. Science and conquest fused.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 15).
• Mississippi Bubble (1719-1720) (importance 2): Speculative frenzy over French colonial company. Collapsed spectacularly. Early example of credit's power and danger.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 16).
• evolutionary humanism (Nazi ideology) (importance 2): Belief in biological hierarchy, racial evolution, eugenic breeding. Harari classifies Nazism as a humanist religion — worships humanity, but only select humans.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 12).
• socialist humanism (collective equality) (importance 2): Worships humanity collectively, not individually. Emphasizes equality over freedom. Experienced socialism focuses on collective humanity, not class warfare.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 12).
• Code of Hammurabi (1776 BCE) (importance 2): Babylonian law code declaring eternal hierarchies. Superiors, commoners, slaves have different rights. Imagined order claiming divine origin.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 6).
• American Declaration (1776 CE) (importance 2): Claims all men created equal with inalienable rights. Different imagined order, equally fictional, equally powerful. Rights don't exist in biology.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 6).
• Atlantic slave trade (1500-1850) (importance 2): 10-12 million Africans shipped to Americas. Financed by credit, justified by racist imagined orders, powered sugar/cotton capitalism. Science-empire-capital at its worst.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 16).
• Göbekli Tepe (9500 BCE) (importance 2): Massive stone temple built by foragers before agriculture. Suggests religion may have driven sedentism and farming, not vice versa. Religion → agriculture, not agriculture → religion.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 5).
• Sargon of Akkad (2300 BCE) (importance 2): First empire builder. Conquered Sumerian city-states, created multi-ethnic empire. Established imperial template: one ruler, many peoples.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 11).
• Persian Empire (550-330 BCE) (importance 2): Largest ancient empire: 44% of world population. Cyrus's tolerance policy. Multi-ethnic, multi-religious. Model of universal empire.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 11).
• Alexander's empire (336-323 BCE) (importance 2): Conquered Persian Empire, spread Hellenism to India. Short-lived but culturally transformative. Created Greek-Persian-Indian fusion cultures.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 11).
• Roman Empire (27 BCE-476 CE) (importance 2): Western template for empire. Spread law, roads, Latin, Christianity. Converts became Romans — cultural absorption strategy. Collapsed but left cultural DNA.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 11).
• Chinese imperial system (221 BCE-1912 CE) (importance 2): Most durable empire. Qin standardized writing, weights, currency. Subsequent dynasties maintained cultural continuity for 2,000 years despite conquests.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 11).
• Mongol Empire (1206-1368) (importance 2): Largest contiguous empire. Brutal conquest, but promoted trade (Silk Road), religious tolerance, cultural exchange. Spread technologies (printing, gunpowder) west.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 11).
• Manhattan Project (1942-1945) (importance 2): First atomic weapons. Science-military-state collaboration. Proved humans can destroy themselves. Changed war, peace, and existential risk calculation.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 14).
• Watson-Crick DNA model (1953) (importance 2): Double helix structure of genetic material. Opened molecular biology, genetics, biotech. Made genetic engineering conceptually possible.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 20).
• Internet (1990s mass adoption) (importance 2): Global information network. Collapsed space further. Created new forms of community, commerce, surveillance. Enabled planetary real-time coordination.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 18).
• Viking slave trade (800-1000 CE) (importance 1): Vikings raided Slavic villages, selling captives to Muslim and Christian markets. Term 'slave' derives from 'Slav.' Early trans-continental commerce in humans.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 10).
• Jericho settlement (~9000 BCE) (importance 1): One of earliest permanent settlements, ~1,000 people. Pre-agriculture but sedentary. Relied on wild grains and gazelle hunting.. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 5).
• Çatalhöyük (7400-6000 BCE) (importance 1): Early agricultural town, 5,000-8,000 people. No streets — accessed houses through roof holes. Evidence of relative equality (no palaces).. Source: (from training memory of book · Chapter 5).

Relations

• Tree of Knowledge mutation (~70,000 BCE) enables Harari's Cognitive Revolution (70,000 BCE)
• fictive language capacity enables Harari's Cognitive Revolution (70,000 BCE)
• Harari's Cognitive Revolution (70,000 BCE) enables Harari's imagined orders
• Harari's imagined orders evidences biology → history transition (Cognitive Revolution)
• Harari's gossip theory of language supports fictive language capacity
• Dunbar's 150-person cognitive limit motivates Harari's imagined orders
• fictive language capacity enables Neanderthal extinction (30,000 BCE)
• Harari's Cognitive Revolution (70,000 BCE) enables Quaternary megafauna extinction wave
• Harari's Agricultural Revolution (12,000 BCE) exemplifies Harari's luxury trap
• wheat domesticated Sapiens (Harari inversion) exemplifies Harari's luxury trap
• Harari's luxury trap enables agricultural population explosion (10,000 BCE-0 CE)
• Harari's forager affluence thesis contradicts Harari's Agricultural Revolution (12,000 BCE)
• biological poverty line (~4,000 calories/day) supports Harari's forager affluence thesis
• evolutionary success ≠ individual happiness supports wheat domesticated Sapiens (Harari inversion)
• Göbekli Tepe (9500 BCE) precedes Harari's Agricultural Revolution (12,000 BCE)
• Harari's Agricultural Revolution (12,000 BCE) enables Harari's human self-domestication
• agricultural population explosion (10,000 BCE-0 CE) enables first true cities (3500 BCE, Sumer)
• first true cities (3500 BCE, Sumer) requires Sumerian cuneiform (~3500 BCE)
• Sumerian cuneiform (~3500 BCE) enables Harari's empire definition
• Harari's Agricultural Revolution (12,000 BCE) enables universal patriarchy puzzle
• first true cities (3500 BCE, Sumer) precedes Sargon of Akkad (2300 BCE)
• Sargon of Akkad (2300 BCE) exemplifies Harari's empire definition
• Harari's imagined orders exemplifies Harari's universal money thesis
• Sumerian barley money (~3000 BCE) exemplifies Harari's universal money thesis
• Lydian electrum coins (~640 BCE) exemplifies Harari's universal money thesis
• Harari's universal money thesis enables Harari's historical unification process
• Harari's empire definition enables Harari's historical unification process
• Harari's missionary religions enables Harari's historical unification process
• Cyrus Cylinder (539 BCE) exemplifies Persian Empire (550-330 BCE)
• Persian Empire (550-330 BCE) exemplifies Harari's imperial cycle
• Alexander's empire (336-323 BCE) succeeds Persian Empire (550-330 BCE)
• Roman Empire (27 BCE-476 CE) exemplifies Harari's imperial cycle
• Chinese imperial system (221 BCE-1912 CE) exemplifies Harari's empire definition
• Mongol Empire (1206-1368) exemplifies Harari's empire definition
• Harari's empire definition refutes Harari's purity myth
• Harari's racial hierarchy as imagined order exemplifies Harari's imagined orders
• Code of Hammurabi (1776 BCE) exemplifies Harari's imagined orders
• American Declaration (1776 CE) exemplifies Harari's imagined orders
• Harari's inter-subjective reality generalizes Harari's imagined orders
• forager animism precedes agricultural polytheism
• agricultural polytheism precedes missionary monotheism
• missionary monotheism exemplifies Harari's missionary religions
• Buddhism as godless universal religion exemplifies Harari's missionary religions
• religion = imagined order legitimizer supports Harari's missionary religions
• Harari's humanist religions exemplifies Harari's imagined orders
• liberal humanism (individual rights) exemplifies Harari's humanist religions
• socialist humanism (collective equality) exemplifies Harari's humanist religions
• evolutionary humanism (Nazi ideology) exemplifies Harari's humanist religions
• scientific admission of ignorance enables Harari's Scientific Revolution (1500 CE)
• Gutenberg printing press (1450) enables Harari's Scientific Revolution (1500 CE)
• Newton's Principia (1687) exemplifies Harari's Scientific Revolution (1500 CE)
• Darwin's Origin (1859) exemplifies Harari's Scientific Revolution (1500 CE)
• Harari's Scientific Revolution (1500 CE) enables Harari's feedback loop: science-empire-capital
• Columbus 1492 voyage exemplifies Harari's feedback loop: science-empire-capital
• Cook's Pacific voyages (1768-1779) exemplifies Harari's feedback loop: science-empire-capital
• Harari's credit revolution enables Harari's feedback loop: science-empire-capital
• capitalism's perpetual growth dogma enables Harari's credit revolution
• capitalism as imagined order supports capitalism's perpetual growth dogma
• Dutch East India Company (VOC, 1602) exemplifies Harari's feedback loop: science-empire-capital
• Mississippi Bubble (1719-1720) exemplifies Harari's credit revolution
• Atlantic slave trade (1500-1850) exemplifies Harari's feedback loop: science-empire-capital
• Harari's feedback loop: science-empire-capital enables Industrial Revolution (1760-1850)
• coal energy density breakthrough enables Industrial Revolution (1760-1850)
• Harari's energy conversion thesis supports Industrial Revolution (1760-1850)
• Industrial Revolution (1760-1850) enables Harari's time-space collapse
• Industrial Revolution (1760-1850) enables Harari's family → state+market transfer
• Harari's family → state+market transfer enables Anderson's imagined communities (nations)
• Internet (1990s mass adoption) enables Anderson's imagined communities (nations)
• Harari's consumerism as religion exemplifies Harari's imagined orders
• romantic-consumerist ethic supports Harari's consumerism as religion
• Harari's happiness paradox contradicts Harari's consumerism as religion
• biochemical happiness ceiling supports Harari's happiness paradox
• Harari's expectation ratchet supports Harari's happiness paradox
• famine → overabundance shift (1850-2000) precedes Harari's Gilgamesh Project
• infectious disease collapse (1850-2000) precedes Harari's Gilgamesh Project
• violence decline (1945-2010) precedes Harari's Gilgamesh Project
• Manhattan Project (1942-1945) enables violence decline (1945-2010)
• Harari's Gilgamesh Project enables cyborg engineering path
• Harari's Gilgamesh Project enables genetic engineering path
• Harari's Gilgamesh Project enables inorganic life path
• Watson-Crick DNA model (1953) enables genetic engineering path
• cyborg engineering path enables Harari's Homo Deus
• genetic engineering path enables Harari's Homo Deus
• inorganic life path enables Harari's Homo Deus
• Harari's Homo Deus motivates Harari's Frankenstein prophecy
• Harari's meaning crisis supports Harari's Frankenstein prophecy
• Harari's 'history isn't justice' thesis supports Harari's historical unification process
• biology → history transition (Cognitive Revolution) enables Harari's human self-domestication
• Jericho settlement (~9000 BCE) precedes first true cities (3500 BCE, Sumer)
• Çatalhöyük (7400-6000 BCE) precedes first true cities (3500 BCE, Sumer)

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